Many factors can effect the contour of your abdomen. Childbirth can stretch abdominal tissues to an extent un correctable with exercise, excess fat deposits can produce undesirable bulges or fullness, and loose skin following childbirth or weight loss can result in an unattractive abdomen.
Abdominoplasty is a procedure which improves the contour and appearance of the abdomen by contouring or reshaping the underlying muscle framework, and removing excess fat and loose skin.
During pregnancy, enlargement of your uterus causes significant stretching of the tissues of your abdomen. After delivery, you can exercise to recover the tone in the muscles themselves, but the fascial tissues which interconnect the muscles may have been stretched, and fascia does not respond to exercise. Stretching or looseness of the lower abdominal tissues can allow bulging of your lower abdomen which you may not be able to correct with exercise.
After significant weight loss, as fatty tissue is decreased beneath the skin of your abdomen, your abdominal skin may become much looser, and sometimes actually hang downward. Skin also does not respond to any type of exercise, but excess loose skin can be removed during abdominoplasty.
Even in individuals who are not overweight, localized deposits of fat can occur in areas of the abdomen, producing undesirable contours. If fat deposits are the only contour problem, they may be correctable with suction lipoplasty alone, but if stretched musculature or loose skin are present, abdominoplasty is necessary to achieve the best contour.
So abdominoplasty does three things: it reshapes the underlying framework of the abdomen to improve shape and contour, it removes excess fat deposits which may be present, and it removes excess loose skin to improve the overall contour, appearance and shape of the abdomen.